Oslo - From the perspective of schedule reliability, when evaluating supply chains, analysing monthly variability is as important as the monthly performance alone. For instance, a trade lane achieving 95% reliability in a month becomes effectively useless for planning, if the reliability drops to 10% in the next month. Conversely, a trade lane consistently maintaining an 80% reliability level offers far superior predictability for planning.

Figure 1 shows the most volatile trade lanes of the past 24 months. On the Asia‑East Coast South America trade lane, schedule volatility has reached extreme levels, with standard deviation as a . . .