Kochi - India, the world’s largest importer of crude oil, natural gas, coal, and fertilisers, continues to rely overwhelmingly on foreign vessels to transport its cargo — a dependence industry leaders warn could have far-reaching economic consequences.

According to government estimates, India’s shipping requirement touched $85 billion last year, with nearly 85 per cent of all cargo carried by foreign ships. This heavy reliance leaves the country vulnerable to global supply chain shocks, cautions Cochin Shipyard Ltd Chairman and Managing Director, Madhu S Nair.

Nair emphasises that any disruption in global shipping routes or . . .